eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
220
233
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.1
95567
مقاله پژوهشی
Computational Investigation into the Solvent Effect on the Diels-Alder Reaction of Isobenzofuran and Ethylene
Elham Sheikh Ansari
elham_sh_ansari@yahoo.com
1
Reza Ghiasi
rezaghiasi1353@hotmail.com
2
Ali Forghaniha
aliforghaniha@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
Department of Chemistry, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Department of chemistry, Faculty of science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
In this work, density functional theory (DFT) method was employed at the M062X/6–311G (d,p) level of theory to investigate the Diels-Alder reaction of isobenzofuran and ethylene in the gas and solution phases theoretically. To perform the computations in the solution phase, the polarizable continuum model (PCM) was applied. It was evaluated how the solvent affects the barrier height (DE‡) and thermodynamic parameters (DG‡ and DH‡) in this reaction. The dependency of these parameters on the Onsager function was discussed. The polar character of the reaction was measured through the global electron density transfer (GEDT). The Wiberg bond indices were used to assess the progress of the reactions, and the synchronicity values of the reactions were determined. Results revealed that, the barrier energy values of the reaction increased in solution phase compared to gas phase. GEDT values were lower than 0.15 e and activation barrier higher than 18 kcal/mol in the gas and solution phases. Therefore, this reaction was considered as a non-polar DA reaction.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_95567_51378991a853d0f4ab9c657c43ca167c.pdf
isobenzofuran
Diels-Alder reaction
global electron density transfer (GEDT)
Reaction mechanism
transition state structure
Wiberg bond index
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
234
244
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.2
96025
مقاله پژوهشی
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG: Al5Y3O12) as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Benzoxazole Derivatives
Fatemeh Hakimi
fatemeh.hakimi@yahoo.com
1
Mehdi Fallah-Mehrjardi
m.fallahmehrjardi@yahoo.com
2
Elham Golrasan
egolrasan@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) was used to efficiently catalyzed andas an eco-friendly method and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives by through the one-pot cyclocondensation of various aldehydes with o-phenylenediamines and o-aminophenol in ethanol at 70 °C. The present method revealed several advantages such as high yields, easy purification, mild reaction conditions, easy work-up, and short reaction times. Also, the nanoparticles (YAG) were found to be easily synthesized, cheap, air and moisture stable, heterogenic, and green catalyst.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96025_ef859da75a38ca87c1d70a62216b9238.pdf
Yttrium aluminum garnet
Benzimidazole
Benzoxazole
o-Phenylenediamines
o-aminophenol
Aldehydes
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
245
257
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2020.3.3
96026
Kinetic Overview of Catalytic Reforming Units (Fixed and Continuous Reforming)
Amir Samimi
amirsamimi1161@gmail.com
1
Soroush Zarinabadi
soroushzarinabadi@iauahvaz.ac.ir
2
Amir Hossein Shahbazi Kootenaei
kootena@gmail.com
3
Alireza Azimi
a.azimi@mhriau.ac.ir
4
Masoumeh Mirzaei
m.mirzaei@mhriau.ac.ir
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Department of Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Naphtha catalytic reforming is one of the main processes of gasoline production with high octane number. Inactive catalysts and changing the products distribution is an important issue in this process. In this paper we discussed the kinetic overview of catalytic reforming units (fixed and continuous reforming). The catalyst activity model introduced in this research study has been used as a function of temperature and process time to detect the catalyst deactivation. The kinetic model and catalyst activity were estimated by using the genetic algorithm as well as overlapping the proposed model results with the experimental data. The results of the modeling showed that the amount of the aromatics during the reactor reduced the trend due to the decrease in the amount of paraffin and naphthen. After the process modeling, the effect of different factors such as time, reactor temperature changes, reactors operating pressure, and the ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon on the activity of catalysts and distribution of the products were investigated. The results revealed that, the aromatics rate decreased and coke formed rate on the catalyst surface increased by catalyst activity passing time. Also, increasing the input temperature and reducing the ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon enhanced the aromatics produced rate.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96026_57f8483b41affdf92aaa33721ce43154.pdf
Catalytic reforming
Naphtha
Kinetic investigation
Activity
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
258
275
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2020.3.4
96692
مقاله پژوهشی
Optimization of Anodizing Parameters on Photo Decolorization of Textile Dye Solution Using N-Doped Titanium Nanotubes with Response Surface Methodology
Shahab Khameneh Asl
sshahab_kh@yahoo.com
1
Behnam Mohammadi
behnamm@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Alireza Khataee
akhataye@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Materials Eng. Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Iran
Materials Eng. Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Iran
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Iran
Titania nanotube arrays are of great interest due to their nanotubular structure and size-dependent properties. Self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays could be simply synthesized using anodization method. Many researchers had synthesized TiO2 nanotube arrays with various pore-sizes and lengths through changing the electrolyte type and concentration, pH, applied voltage, and electrolyte composition. Despite the relatively large bandgap of TiO2 (3.2 eV), rapid recombination of electron hole generated during photocatalytic reaction has limited the efficiency of the photocatalytic reactions under the visible light. Many researchers have been conducted to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 nanotube arrays by doping with metal and nonmetal ions. In this work, TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using the anodization in the variety conditions such as electrolyte concentration, anodization voltage, and time. The photoreactivity of the TiO2 nanotube before and after doping was investigated. The morphology, microstructure, photo micro kinetics and photo absorption of the doped–TiO2 nanotube were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, and UV–Vis spectrum. The decolorization of C.I. acid red 14 dye (AR 14) by Photocatalytical process based on TNT films was calculated in a batch type photoreactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to recognize single and multi-effects of the main independent parameters (anodizing time, anodizing voltage, N2 treatment time, and catalyst surface area) on the decomposition rate. A central composite design (CCD) was used to maximize the photoreaction of AR 14 efficacy. A second-order empirical relationship between the response and independent variables was extracted. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a high coefficient of determination value (R2=0.980). Optimum decolorization rate was calculated and experimentally conformed. The optimum anodizing time, anodizing voltage, N2 treatment time, and catalyst surface area were found to be 200 s, 20 V, 2077 h and 5 cm2, respectively. Under the optimal estimated conditions, the highest bleaching efficiency of AR 14 (>99%) was obtained at the lowest reaction time. The results clearly proved that, the response surface methodology could be the suitable method to optimize and scale up the photo catalytically conditions in lab and industrial cases. Also, graphical 2-3 D plots were employed to obtain the optimum point and continuous response.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96692_bd26ce89a9cb7ae73d59215fce1f694b.pdf
TiO2 nano tubes
Experimental Design
Response Surface Methodology
anodizing conditions
Photocatalysis
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
276
284
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM.2020.3.5
96790
مقاله پژوهشی
Characterization of ZnO, Cu and Mo Composite Thin Films in Different Annealing Temperatures
Rouhollah Haji Abdolvahab
rabdolvahab@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Reza Zamani Meymian
r_zamani@iust.ac.ir
2
Noura Soudmand
soudmandir@yahoo.com
3
Physics Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
Physics Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
Physics Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
In this research study, we prepared different thin films of ZnO:Cu, ZnO:Mo, and Zno:Mo:Cu using a magnetron co-sputtering method. At the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that one prepared co-sputtered Zno:Mo:Cu thin films. We also annealed the samples at 100, 200, 400, and 800 °C. The samples were both theoretically and experimentally. We investigate the AFM results of the samples in the above-mentioned temperatures and compare different parameters of saturation roughness, height density function, and permutation entropy. The results demonstrated that the height density function became wider and the roughness decreased at higher temperatures. Moreover, the plot of permutation entropy versus roughness enabled us to distinguish between our samples.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96790_744d7c17d0ca6650cfebf8762cc9dd0b.pdf
Roughness
Permutation entropy
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Composite thin film
Temperature
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
285
296
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.6
96798
مقاله پژوهشی
Successful Application of a Keplerate-type, Giant-ball Nanoporous Isopolyoxomolybdate as a Reusable Green Catalyst for Atom-economy Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones
Marziyeh Rohaniyan
mma_rohaniyan@yahoo.com
1
Abolghasem Davoodnia
adavoodnia@yahoo.com
2
S. Ali Beyramabadi
beiramabadi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
In this study, a new application of a keplerate-type giant-ball nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate, (NH4)42[MoVI72MoV60O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72], denoted as ({Mo132}), in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones via a one-pot, three-component reaction of β-naphthol, aryl aldehydes, and dimedone is reported. The reactions were performed under the solvent-free conditions, providing the corresponding products with high atom economy ranging from 90.77% to 92.32%. The catalyst was prepared using inexpensive and readily available materials and could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by a simple filtration and reused many times with no significant loss of its catalytic activity. High activity of the catalyst, excellent yields, short reaction time, simple procedure with an easy work-up, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents are other advantages of the present methodology.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96798_fd9375f28422d088b1157d79216d9ab6.pdf
Giant-ball nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate
Keplerate
{Mo132}
tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
297
310
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.7
96904
مقاله پژوهشی
Molecular Structure Determination and Stability Parameters Study of 99mTc-MDP (Technetium 99m Methylene Diphosphonate) Cold Kit and Analysis of Its Binding to Osteocalcin Receptor as a Bone Scan Agent
Mehdi Nabati
mnabati@ymail.com
1
Hamideh Sabahnoo
hsabahnoo@gmail.com
2
Vida Bodaghi-Namileh
vida.bn91@yahoo.com
3
Synthesis and Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box: 1437663181, Tehran, Iran
Synthesis and Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box: 1437663181, Tehran, Iran
Synthesis and Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box: 1437663181, Tehran, Iran
This work evaluates the stability of tecnethium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) radiopharmaceutical and identifying its precise molecular structures and analyzing their binding to osteocalcin receptor. At first, different formulations of 99mTc-MDP cold kit were made in various conditions. Then, various molecular structures were evaluated and optimized using B3LYP/Lanl2DZ level of theory by Gaussian software at room temperature. The stability and reactivity properties of the optimized molecular structures were calculated using Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) theory. The binding of the molecular structures with the said receptor was analyzed using the molecular docking study. The investigation results indicated that the interactions between the molecular structures and osteocalcon receptor were related to the residues Leu 25, Asn 26, Asp 30, Cys 29, Tyr 42, Tyr 46 and Phe 38
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_96904_78022bca18b309281698ff3b7d87d585.pdf
Medronate
methylene diphosphonate
Molecular docking
Molecular Simulation
Nuclear medicine
Osteocalcin receptor
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
311
323
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.8
99327
مقاله پژوهشی
An Attempt for the Quantitative DFT-based Interpretation of the Conformational Preference of Negative Hyperconjugative Anomeric Effects in Trans-2,3- and Trans-2,5-dihalo-1,4-dioxanes
Elahe Faramarzi
elahefaramarzi1363@gmail.com
1
Reza Ghiasi
rezaghiasi1353@hotmail.com
2
Masumeh Abdoli-Senejani
maboli@iau-arak.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
In this study, the stabilities of trans-2,3- and trans-2,5-dihalo-1,4-dioxanes conformers were investigated at the LC-BLYP/6-311+G(d,p) theory level. The total energies and dipole moments of the axial and equatorial conformations were calculated for the mentioned molecules. The stability of theconformers, bond distances and spin-spin coupling constants of C-Hax and C-Heq bonds were explained with the negative hyperconjugative anomeric effects. The negative hyperconjugative anomeric effects on these conformers were illustrated using the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Deformation maps of electron density for these conformers were provided, as well. In the basis of these calculations, the axial conformer was more stable than equatorial conformer in the studied molecules. Moreover, the trans-2,3- and trans-2,5-dihalo-1,4-dioxanes molecules were iso-energetic.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_99327_3353eed7bb515aa59c8f9662ba80b82c.pdf
1
4-Dioxane
negative hyperconjugative effect
conformers
natural bond orbital analysis
electron deformation density
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
324
332
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.9
99328
مقاله پژوهشی
One-pot Synthesize of Phenyl Phenanthro Imidazole Derivatives Catalyzed by Lewis Acid in the Presence of Ammonium Acetate
Elham Haddazadeh
mkmohamadi@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi
mkmohamadi@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Tri substituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized with the combinations of phenanthroquinone, benzealdehyde derivatives at the presence of ammonium acetate that catalyzed by Lewis acid. In all reactions, polar solvent was used and the reactions were carried out under the reflux conditions. The structure of all compounds was confirmed using the IR and 1HNMR. This method revealed several advantages including, excellent yields, simplicity of operation and easy separation. The results showed that, products formed in high yields and low reaction times. Also, the metal atom of Lewis acid catalyst increased the reactivity of substrate and the reaction time.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_99328_eec10bc514dc43b281763d0d91fe892f.pdf
Multicomponent
One-pot
Imidazoles
ammonium acetat
Lewis acid
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
333
339
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.10
99332
Preparation and Crystal Structure of N,N΄-bis(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-butane-1,4-diamine Monohydrate
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji
alidkhalaji@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
In this work, the Schiff-base compound N,N΄-bis(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-butane-1,4-diamine monohydrate ((2,4-MeO-ba)2bn/H2O) was prepared by the condensation reaction of 2,4-dimethoxybenazaldehyde with butane-1,4-diamine in methanol solution and crystallizes as the monohydrate. The crystal structure of (2,4-MeO-ba)2bn/H2O (1) was determined using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a=14.7116 (10), b=15.7333 (9), c=10.2013 (6) Å, β=112.704 (2)° and Z=4. There are one half-molecule and one half of a water molecule in the asymmetric unit, with the (2,4-MeO-ba)2bn molecule completed by inversion symmetry on the midpoint of the central C-C bond of the butane unit and the O atom of the water molecule situated on a twofold rotation axis. Within the imine functionality, the N-C bond lengths of 1.2643 (19) and 1.457 (2) Å were double and single bonds, respectively. Hydrogen bonds of the type O-H∙∙∙N between the water molecule and the imine nitrogen atom of the (2,4-MeO-ba)2bn molecules led to formation of the layers propagating parallel to (100). The 1H-NMR and FT-IR results confirmed the preparation of this ligand, as well.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_99332_a6d49b7f2831758b784061079564a472.pdf
Schiff-base
Condensation reaction
crystal structure
Hydrogen bonding
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
340
358
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.11
104319
مقاله پژوهشی
Quantification of A β Adrenergic Receptor Drug Mirabegron by Stability Indicating LC Method and Uv–visible Spectroscopic Method in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Preeti N. Yadav
yadavpreeti016@gmail.com
1
Usmangani K. Chhalotiya
usmangani84@gmail.com
2
Kesha M. Patel
keshapatel8052@gmail.com
3
Jinal N. Tandel
jinaltandel1202@gmail.com
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Beyond GIDC, P.B. No. 53, Vitthal Udyognagar- 388 121, Gujarat, India
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Beyond GIDC, P.B. No. 53, Vitthal Udyognagar- 388 121, Gujarat, India
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Beyond GIDC, P.B. No. 53, Vitthal Udyognagar- 388 121, Gujarat, India
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Beyond GIDC, P.B. No. 53, Vitthal Udyognagar- 388 121, Gujarat, India
In this work, an accurate, sensitive, reproducible and precise stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and ultra violet (UV)-visible spectroscopic method were established for the quantification and validation of β adrenergic drug mirabegron in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. High performance liquid chromatography is a physical separation technique for a mixture of compounds that are dissolved in solution. Mirabegron is in a class of medications called diuretic. The HPLC method was developed with proposed chromatographic condition with mobile phase containing acetonitrile: water (50:50, v/v) adjusted pH 9 with 1 mL of 1% TEA. Accomplishment of UV-visible spectroscopic determination was done at wavelength maxima of 247 nm using methanol as a solvent. The linearities were in the range of 2-18 µg/mL for UV-visible spectroscopic method and 0.01-20 µg/mL for HPLC method, respectively. Validation of proposed method has been accomplished with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. Forced degradation study has been performed under different conditions like acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat degradation and photolytic degradation study by use of stock solution of mirabegron and quantification has been achieved by proposed reverse phase-liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method. Mirabegron is susceptible to acid and base hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat and photolytic degradation studies; found that degradants are well resolve from parent drug peak of mirabegron. Due to the sensitivity, promptness and accuracy of methods, we rely on that the both intended methods will be useful for the regular quality control analysis and quantification of drug in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_104319_dd99f0a3128763a5a6642e7b4ce92d32.pdf
Validation
Mirabegron
Forced degradation study
HPLC
UV – Visible Spectroscopy
Adrenergic
eng
Sami Publishing Company
Chemical Methodologies
2645-7776
2588-4344
2020-05-01
4
Issue 3
359
368
10.33945/SAMI/CHEMM/2020.3.12
99357
مقاله پژوهشی
Investigation of Physicochemical Parameters and Measurement of Ascorbate Peroxidase and Catalase Activity in the Presence of Different Concentrations of Folic Acid in Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Sahar Parchizadeh
sparchizade@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Fazilati
mfazilati@yahoo.com
2
Hossein Salavati
hosseinsalavati@yahoo.com
3
Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari
behsalehi@gmail.com
4
Habibollah Nazem
hnazem@pnu.ac.ir
5
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, 81581-84431, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, 81581-84431, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, 81581-84431, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, 81581-84431, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, 81581-84431, Isfahan, Iran
Propionibacterium is a gram-positive genus, anaerobic to microaerophilic, and rod-shaped from propionic bacteriaceae family that is capable of producing propionic acid using transcarboxylase enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) and ascorbate peroxidase and catalase levels at different concentrations of folic acid in Propionibacterium freudenreichiii to produce better and more vitamin B12. The Propionibacterium freudenreichii was inoculated into fermented medium containing soaked corn. Folic acid was added to the fermentation medium at different concentrations, then its absorption at 600 nm, at different temperatures and pH, was investigated. The results revealed that, the optimum pH for bacterial growth was 6.6 and the optimum bacterial growth was at 25-40 °C. Addition of folic acid at lower concentrations to the culture medium of Propionibacterium freudenreichii increased the UV absorption at 600 nm. It was found that, high concentration of folic acid reduced the growth rate which, indicating the negative effect of the folic acid on bacterial growth. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity was determined based on H2O2 consumption at 240 nm and 290 nm. In this bacterium, CAT and ascorbate peroxides activity decreased significantly with increasing folic acid concentration. It was also found that folic acid functioned as a toxin for this bacterium at high concentrations and demonstrated antioxidant properties.
https://www.chemmethod.com/article_99357_1c2c51856ad4e79c2bb5e55a6e1088c1.pdf
Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Folic acid
Catalase
Ascorbate peroxidase