Introduction

Thiosemicarbazide is one of the N-amino thiourea compounds and is considered an effective control for rice bacterial leaf blight as a ketone reagent, some metals as arodenticide. Antibiotics have been used in organic chemistry to condense aldehyde or ketone with semicarbazide to form semicarbazone derivatives such as nitrofurazone [1]. Due to their antineoplastic action, thiosemcarbazone derivatives from related aldehydes and 2- formyl pyridine have been of considerable interest [2]. Thiosemcarbazone derivatives are of the broad pharmaceutical interest and exhibit various biological activities such as anticancer, antifungal, Leprosy, and antiviral [3-4].

For various pathological states [15-12] (including antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory, the therapeutic effect of a compound containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring has been well studied. Because of their numerous applications as agricultural insecticidal, antidepressants, thiadiazole gained widespread attention. The 4- thiazolidinone class is an essential analogue of heterocyclic thiazolidine compounds. 4-thiazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized by various methods. Enaminones reactions with ethyl-2-bromo propionate [13] are included in this method. Thiosemicarbazones bearing aromatic heterocyclic moiety tens to have improved the biological activities [14,15]. On the other hand, due to their therapeutic and pharmacological activities, heterocyclic compounds containing the dole ring are of considerable importance [16-22].         

Scheme 1: Route of synthesis for thiosemicarbazone derivatives in this work

Methods and Materials

General procedures

Preparation of Thiosemicarbazones compounds (1-5)

A mixture of aromatic aldehyde [0.01 mole], thiosemicarbazide [0.01 mole] in 20 mL of ethanol, and four drops of glacial acetic acid were heated under reflux for 5 h. The product was cooled to room temperature, and the solid was filtered, dried, and purified to provide compounds (1-5) via recrystallization with ethanol.

Synthesis of 2-(4-substituted-benzylidene hydrazono)-1, 3- thiazolidine-4-one compounds (6-8)

A mixture of thiosemicarbazide derivatives compounds (1-3) was prepared by heating and continuous stirring for 0.01 mole chloroacetic acid (0.01 mole), and- anhydrous sodium acetate (0.01 mole) in 20 mL glacial acetic acid under reflux for 8 h. The produced mixtures for compounds  (6-8) were left to cool via poured into ice cold water, and the separated solid was filtered off, washed with water, dried, and recrystallized by absolute ethanol.

Synthesis 1-(3-(derivative)-1,5-dioxo-1,5-dihydrobenzo[e] [1,3] oxazepin -4(3H)-yl) thiourea compounds (9- 10)

A 0.0025 mole from thiosemcarbazone derivatives (1-2) compounds and 0.0025 mole from phthalic anhydride in 20 mL from dry benzene was mixed, refluxed, and stirring on a water bath at 75 °C for  12-14 h.

Synthesis of 2-amino -1,3,4- thiadiazole -5- thiol compound (11)

Exact 0.02 mole, 1.82 (g) from thiosemicarbazide suspended in 15 mL ethanol was added to anhydrous sodium carbonate (0.02 mole, 2.12 g) and 3 mL carbon disulphide, the produced mixture was warmed with stirring under reflux for 1 h., then heated on the steam bath for 4 h. The most solvent was removed, and the residue was dissolved in ice- water and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid [7].

Synthesis of E-4-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) imino deivatives compounds (12- 14)

A suspension of p- hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.01 mole) in 40 mL ethanol and 2- amino -1,3,4- thiadiazole-5-thiol compound (11) (0.01 mole) were mixed with two drops of glacial acetic acid and heated under reflux for 4h. The product was collected after cooling and recrystallized using ethanol, in the same way for preparation compounds (13,14).

The preparation of thiazolidine -4-one compounds (15-17) [8]

0.01 mole of Schiff bases compounds (12-14) was mixed with 0.04 mole (0.26 mL) from mercaptoacetic acid in 30 mL from dry benzene, and then refluxed for 10 h. The mixture has been concentrated and recrystallized by absolute methanol.

Synthesis of 3-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-2- thioxoimidazolidin -4-one compound (18) [9]

A mixture of 0.01 mole from compound (2), 0.01 mole of ethyl chloroacetate and 0.03 mole from sodium acetate in 30 mL ethanol were heated under reflux for 4h, then cooled and poured in water.

Synthesis of 2-chloro-N-(5-mercapto-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2-yl) acetamide compound (19)

Freshly 2.5 mL of distilled chloro acetyl chloride was dissolved in 100  mL dry benzene, and gradually added to a mixture of 0.033  mole (4.3 g) from 2-amino 1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thiol in 30 mL dry benzene. The mixture was refluxed via a water bath for 4 h. and benzene solvent was distilled off. The product was washed with distilled water, dried, and recrystallized using absolute ethanol.

Synthesis of N-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-2-ureidoacetamide compound (20)

Exact 0.01mole (4.18 g) from compound (19) was refluxed with 0.02 mole, (1.2 g) from urea for 14h. In 20 mL from absolute ethanol. Then the reaction mixture was filtered, recrystallized the product by ethanol, and dried to give the final product.

Synthesis of 2-((5-([1,1`-biphenyl] -4-yl)-2-yl) amino)-N-(5-mercato-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetamide compound (21)

A mixture of 0.01 mole (2.33 g) compounds (20) and 0.01 mole (2.75 g) from 4-phenyl phenacyl bromide in 20 mL of ethanol. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 12h. The precipitate was filtered off and recrystallized using absolute ethanol.

Result and Discussion

In the present work, new derivatives of carbothioamide, thiazolidin-4-one, [1,3] oxazepine-4(3H), 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one, Acetamide, were synthesis and outlined in Scheme 1. The first step of the reaction includes the removal of proton from NH group by sodium acetate that resulted from conversion of the produced intermediate partially or totally to thiol form. The second step representthat nucleophilic attack by thiol on carbon atom that bears an excellent leaving group (CH-Cl) will result in the formation of a new S-C bond. This step is followed by a nucleophilic attack by NH₂ group on the carbon atom of carbonyl group resulted in the formation of five and a five-member heterocyclic ring. These steps have been demonstrated in changing physical properties (color and melting point) and FT-IR analysis in In the present work, new derivatives of carbothioamide, thiazolidin -4- one, [1,3]oxazepine-4(3H), 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one, Acetamide, were synthesis and outlined in Scheme 1. The first step of the reaction includes the removal of proton from NH group by sodium acetate that resulted from conversion of the produced intermediate partially or totally to thiol form. The second step representthat nucleophilic attack by thiol on carbon atom that bears an excellent leaving group (CH-Cl) will result in the formation of a new S-C bond. This step is followed by a nucleophilic attack by NH2 group on the carbon atom of carbonyl group resulted in the formation of five and a five-member heterocyclic ring. These steps have been demonstrated in changing physical properties (color and melting point) and FT-IR analysis in Table 1. The FT-IR data were interpenetrated for conforming to the essential bonds generated in compounds synthesis (1-21) agree with the mention in references (23-24).¹H-NMR spectrum of compounds (7) in (DMSO as solvent) was pictured, a singlet signal appear at 3.9 ppm could be attributed to protons of methylene group (-CH₂-) for thiazolidine -4-one ring. Aromatic protons appear at 7.5-7.7 ppm. Signal at 8.4 ppm could be attributed to proton of CH=N group. A singlet signal appears at 12.0 ppm referred to N-H group of 4-thiazolidineone ring. Shown ¹H-NMR spectrum (400 MHZ, in DMSO) of compounds (9). The singlet signal at 3.3 ppm was assigned to methyl groups protons (6H, 2 XCH₃). Aromatic protons appear at 6.6 - 8.0 ppm peaks as an amultiplate a signal at 5.0 ppm referred to amine group (NH₂), a singlet signal appear at 10.3 ppm are due to one proton of (- NH -) group (25). the ¹H-NMR spectrum (400 MHZ, DMSO) of compound (11) explained that a singlet signal appears at 5.2 ppm due to two protons of NH₂ group, also the spectrum showed one sharp singlet signal at 13.2 ppm, which could be attributed to proton of –SH group. 1H-NMR for compound (15) and found a quartet signal in the region (3.8- 3.9) ppm (2H) due to the protons of (CH₂) in thiazolidin -4- one ring. The signal at 6.4 ppm, which belong to –CH- of thiazolidine-4- one ring, another multiple signal at (6.7- 7.6) ppm belong to aromatic protons.  The board peak at 9.0 ppm (1H) was due to the proton of (-OH) group. Also, the spectrum showed a signal at 13.2 ppm could be attributed to proton of –SH group.Other characteristic peaks with their interpretation were listed in Table 2. The ¹H-NMR spectrum of compound (18) at (400 NHZ, DMSO) obtained the following clear signals at ppm. The signal at 4.2 ppm (2H) due to the protons of (CH₂) thioxoimidazolidin -4- one ring, and another multiple signal at 6.8- 7.2 ppm belong to aromatic protons; also the spectrum showed a signal at 8.5 ppm could be attributed to the proton of CH=N group. A signal at 9.6 ppm due to the proton of (- OH) group and the signal at 10.2 ppm referred to –NH of thioxoimidazolidin -4- one.

The ¹³C-NMR of compound (9). The signal at 41.7 ppm assigned to methyl groups carbons (2C, 2 X CH₃). The signal of carbon (C-N) of oxazepine ring appeared at the 94.3 ppm. The spectrum appeared at the range (123.5- 149.1) ppm attributed to carbon of methine group in Benzene ring. Moreover, the signal at 167.0 ppm was assigned to the carbon of (O-C=O) group inside the oxazepine ring. The signal at 172.5 ppm attributed to carbon of (O=C-N) group inside oxazepine ring. The signal at 182.5 ppm for the carbon of (C=S) group [25]. The 13C- NMR spectrum of compound (15) in Figure A signal at 33.5 ppm referred to the carbon of methine group inside thiazolidine-4-one. The signal at 72.3 ppm referred to –CH group in thiazolidine -4- one ring, in addition, another multiple signals at (115.8- 156.9) ppm referred to the carbon of CH2 group in the benzene ring.  Moreover, the signal at 163.4 ppm is for the carbon of (C=N) group for the thiadiazole ring. Also, the spectrum showed at 171.2 ppm referred to (N-C=O) group, and the signal at 184.0 ppm for (C=N) group inside thiadiazole ring, other characteristic peaks with their interpretation were listed in Table 3. The ¹³C-NMR spectrum of compound (18), showed the following signals at ppm. The spectrum appeared a singlet signal at 55.5 ppm for methylene group carbon inside thioxoimidazolidin-4-one. The aromatic carbons occurred at 154.1 ppm for the carbon of (CH=N) group. Also, the spectrum showed one signal at 160.8 ppm that could be attributed to C=S group of thioxoimidazolidin-4-one ring (25).

Conclusion

The key results of this work are based on the synthesis of new compounds of carbothioamide, thiazolidin-4-one, [1,3]oxazepine-4(3H),1,3,4- thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one, Acetamide, with good yields derived from carbothioamide or 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2- thiol and they were characterized by various spectral analyses.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to appreciate any individuals who supported this work.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and revising the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work.

Conflict of Interest

We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

ORCID

Shaima Ibraheem Chyad AL-Khazraji

https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-0712

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Shaima Ibraheem Chyad AL-Khazraji, Luma M. Ahmed, Synthesis and characterization of some new heterocyclic compounds derived from Thiosemicarbazide. Chem. Methodol., 2022, 6(2) 157-165

DOI: 10.22034/chemm.2022.2.8

URL: http://www.chemmethod.com/article_142527.html