Introduction

Azomethines are types of compounds that contain an imine group, synthesized from condensation of a ⁰1 aliphatic and aromatic amine with aldehydes and ketones. They are widely used as starting materials in the preparation of organic, bio-organic, organometallic, and industrial compounds via ring closure, cycloaddition, and substitution reactions [1-3]. Oxazepine derivatives were presented in 1965 to be used in mental ease characterized by anxiety and stress [4]. Oxazepine is an unsaturated seven membered containing heteroatoms O and N in the positions (1) and (2), respectively, in addition to 5 carbon atoms. It is prepared by the pericyclic cycloaddition of the imine with anhydrides [5]. Oxazepine and derivatives have medical and biological applications [6]. Oxazepine derivatives were found to exhibit a vast variety of biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, hypnotic muscle relaxant, antagonistic, inflammatory and antiepileptic [7].

Material and methods

All starting chemical compounds were obtained from Fluka, Sigma- Aldrich, Alfa Aesar, Japan and BDH and used without further purification. The Stuart melting point apparater was used to measure melting points. IR Affinity-1 Shimadzu as KBr disc, results are given in cm^-1, ¹HNMR Bruker Spectra spin ultra-shield magnets 300 MHz instruments, using DMSO-d₆ solvent and TMS as an internal reference used to identify the organic inhibitor.

Synthesis of new Schiff bases (1a, 1b, 1c) [8]

New imines are prepared from the reaction of creatinine (0.5 g, 0.1 mol), with different aldehydes (0.1 mol), in 25ml absolute C₂H₅OH and trace of CH₃COOH. This mixture was refluxed for (10-12 hrs). The excess solvent was evaporated and the formed product was recrystallized from EtOH.

Synthesis of oxazepine derivatives (2a-4c) [9]

A mixture of Schiff base [1a, 1b, 1c] (0.01 mol) and (phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and succinic anhydride (0.05 g, 0.01 mol) was dissolved in (25 ml) dry C₆H₆. The reaction mix was refluxed for (16-18 hrs.) at (70-75 °C). The excess solvent was evaporated and the formed product was recrystallized from CH₃CH₂OH.   

Determination of Antioxidant Capacity [10]

The experiment was performed using the modified blois method for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (1958). 2 ml of aqueous extracts at various concentrations were combined with 1ml of a 0.1 mM DPPH solution in methanol (Alfa Aesar, Japan) (250-1000 PPM). After that, the mixture was incubated for 30 minutes in the dark at room temperature. 1 cc of DPPH solution was mixed with distilled water to make the control. A spectrophotometer was used to test the absorbance against a blank at 517 nm. Higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity is shown by a lower absorbance of the reaction mixture. The standard was ascorbic acid (Merck, India). Triplicate samples were made and quantified using the following equation; the percentage of scavenging activity of each extract on DPPH radical was estimated as percent inhibition of DPPH (1%): 

1%= [(A_o-A_s)/A_o] × 100

All physical properties are listed in Table 1.

Result and Dissection

This research involved the synthesis of new oxazepine compounds from reaction of Phthalic, Maliec, Succunic anhydrides with Schiff bases. These different synthesized compounds that are presented are summarized in Scheme 1.

Compounds [1a-1c] were prepared from condensation of Creatinine with (4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-amino benzaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde) in the presence of glacial acetic acids as a catalyst (Scheme1). Compounds [1a-1c] were afforded as white, brown and yellow colors of (90%, 88% and 75%) yields with a melting point of (220-222 °C, 230-232 °C and 182-184 °C), respectively.             

Scheme 1: synthesis of subs. heterocyclic on creatinine

The antioxidant activity of compounds [1a-1c] in the Figure (1a) shows the high antioxidant reactivity of compound 1c (Figures 1, 2, and 3).

The FT-IR spectrum data of compounds (1a-1c) show the vanishing of the carbonyl group of the CHO at 1680-1710 cm^-1 and appearance of 1660-1668 cm^-1 bands indicative of the formation of (C=N) group [11]. Compounds [1a-1c] were reacted with Phthalic, Maliec, and Succunic anhydrides to give oxazepine derivatives [2a-4c] in dry benzene as a solvent.

The FT-IR spectrum data of the (2a-4c) show the vanishing of the stretching absorption bands of the (C=N) group of the imine compounds and the absorption bands seven-membered compounds and show the appearance of the stretching absorption bands at 1770-1720 cm^-1 indicative of lactone boned formation besides the characteristic bands of the remained groups in the structure [12], FT-IR spectrum date of compounds [2a-4c] as shown in Table 1.

The ¹H-NMR spectrum of compound 2b in DMSO showed δ(ppm), singlet in 2.25 (3H, N-CH₃) protons of imidazole ring, singlet in 3.03 (2H, CH₂-C=O), singlet in 3.80 (1H, N-CH-O), singlet in 3.12( 2H, Ar-NH₂) multiple in 7.38-7.82 (8H, Ar-H), and spectrum of compound 4a showed δ(ppm) at singlet in 2.75 (3H, CH₃), singlet in 2.96 (2H, CH₂), singlet in 3.81 (1H, -CH), triplets in 2.13 (2H, CH₂=CO-N), triplets in 2.34(2H, CH₂=CO-O), and multiples in 7..23-7.73 (4H, Ar-H). Other chemical shifts, δ (ppm) of compounds 2c, 4b, 4c, are given in Table2.          

Conclusion

The antioxidant activity of the compounds was compared with standard ascorbic acid. Among the newly synthesized Schiff bases and oxazepine derivatives, compounds (1c, 2c, and 3b) possess better antioxidant activity than compounds (1b, 1a, 2b, 2a, 3a and 3c), as shown in Figures 1a, 1b and 1c.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and revising the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work.

Conflict of Interest

We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Raed M. Muhiebes, Entesar O.Al-Tamimi. Modification of Creatinine to Form New Oxazepane Ring and Study Their Antioxidant Activity, Chem. Methodol., 2021, 5(5) 416-421

DOI: 10.22034/chemm.2021.135020

URL: http://www.chemmethod.com/article_135020.html